6 Texas Longhorns

• ​A Known for their distinctive long horns which they used as protection from predators
  
• ​B Known for their ability to adapt and survive in any environment
  

• ​C Other Cattle Drive jobs
  • ​1 Wranglers kept track of spare horses that the cowboys rotated out to keep moving all day
  • ​2 The cook rode ahead of the herd with his Chuck Wagon
    
    • a ​He would set up camp and prepare dinner for the cowboys 
      
    • b He also got up long before sunrise to cook breakfast for the crew
      
    • ​c Cattle drive food included coffee, beef, and beans
      

2 Texas Farming

• ​A Subsistence Farming 
  • ​1 Growing just what food you need to survive
    
  • 2 Not growing lots of crops to sell
    
  • 3 In the 13 English colonies (USA) most New England farmers were subsistence farmers​

• ​F XIT Ranch
  • ​1 Ten (X) In Texas
    
  • 2 Ranch stretched over ten counties in panhandle
    
  • ​3 3 MILLION acres, the largest fenced ranch in the world, at the time
    

3 King Cotton

• ​A Windmills helped Texas farmers pump water from the ground to irrigate crops
• ​B Most cotton farms in Texas were located in the Coastal Plains region
  

• ​G King Ranch
  • ​​1 Started in South Texas 1853 by Captain Richard King
    
  • 2 Has grown to 825,000 acres
    
  • ​3 Running W Brand said to represent a diamond back rattle snake and the horns of the cattle
    
  • 4 Yes, just like the Ford truck (I don't know if the ranch is famous for breaking down as well)
    

• B Sharecroppers
  • ​​1 Also called Tenant Farmers
    
  • 2 Could not afford their own land to farm
    
  • 3 Shared their crops with the landlord as payment for the land
    
  • ​4 Never made enough money to pay off their land; stuck in an endless cycle of poverty
    

• C Buffalo Soldiers helped keep the peace on the Western Frontier
  
  • ​1 They were a U.S. Army regiment of African American soldiers
    
  • ​2 They were known as the Buffalo Soldiers because their thick curly hair was similar to a buffalo
    
  • 3 ​Also they were fierce and fearless like the buffalo
    

1 Frontier Texas

• ​A After the Civil War many American Indian tribes were moved to reservations​
• B Life on the Texas Frontier was characterized by cattle drives and fighting with Indians​

• ​B Cowboys had different positions and responsibilities on the trail
  • ​​1 Trail Boss was in charge and selected the route
    
  • 2 Foreman was the assistant to the trail boss
  • ​3 Pointers led the herd 
    
  • ​4 Wings rode along side the herd and kept them pushed in tight and did not let them spread too far
    
  • ​5 Flanks rode toward the rear and rounded up strays as well as cattle that wandered off
    
  • ​6 The Drag rode at the back of the herd and kept it moving forward
    
  • 7 Night herders circled the herd at night to protect it from predators​

9 Barbed Wire

• ​A ​Effective natural fencing materials like logs and thorny bushes inspired Joseph Glidden to invent barbed wire to help contain cattle in Illinois

• ​D Cowboys on the cattle trail were always in danger of a stampede

11 Texas Railroad Commission

• ​A Texas governor James Hogg worked to protect Texans from unfair business practices by supporting the creation of the Texas Railroad Commission
• ​B The TRC initially regulated the Railroads but today also regulates oil, gas, and mining industries
  

• ​D The Range Wars of the late 1800's were caused by ranchers fencing off land with barbed wire
• E Cowboys cut fences to drive cattle and trespassed on other ranches where previously it hadn't been a problem
  

• ​B The invention and use of barbed wire fencing to fence off ranches in Texas stopped the Cattle Drives 
• ​C As railroads reached Texas the need to drive cattle north disappeared as well​
  

• ​C The lives of Texas farmers were dominated by tending to their cotton crops
• ​D Texas towns often grew in areas with lots of cotton farms
  
• ​E Many other businesses would grow to serve the needs of the cotton farmers
  
• ​F If cotton crops failed so would the other businesses
  

10 Railroads

• ​A James Watt (Englishman) invented the steam engine in 1698
• B The first steam locomotives were invented in England in the early 1800's by Richard Trevithick and George Stephenson
  

Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads

• ​C ​Railroads reached Texas around 1850 with the first one in the Houston area
  
• D Railroads were built across Texas to help transport goods like cotton, cattle, and lumber to markets in Texas and back east
• E Across Texas and the United States new towns sprung up along railroad lines
  

7 Cattle Drive

• ​A ​Cattle drives began with a round up 
  
  • ​1 Cowboys rode the ranch and neighboring areas driving cows together in a group
    
  • ​2 All cattle were branded to prove ownership
    
  • 3 Branded cattle from other ranches would be driven away from the herd, stealing someone else's cattle was considered Rustling
    
  • ​4 The roundup would take several weeks
    

5 Open Range

• ​A In the beginning of Texas Cattle ranches there was no available option to fence in the vast ranches
  
• B Cattle were allowed to roam on the open range
  
• ​C When a cattle owner was ready to drive cattle to market they had to be rounded up
  
• ​D Open Range ranching led to a lot of conflict and cattle rustling
  

4 Start of Cattle in Texas

• ​A The demand for beef in the eastern states led to the settlement of the western frontier in Texas and the rapid growth of the cattle industry
  
• ​B Cattle ranching was started in south Texas by the Spanish, then spread to West Texas
  
• ​C West Texas was too dry, it lacked water resources, to support farming so ranching became the prominent industry
  

8 Cattle Trails

• ​A ​The Shawnee Trail to Kansas City was one of the earliest cattle trails
  
• B After the Civil War several new cattle trails were established to move cattle north out of Texas