• ​B South
  • ​1 Agricultural
    
  • ​2 Slavery was an economic issue
    
    • ​a They needed it to maintain their way of life
      

20 U.S. and Texas Constitutions

• ​​A The principles and ideas of the U.S. Constitution are also present in the Texas Constitution of 1876

• B The Main difference between the two is the Texas Constitution has more details and specifics increasing it's size dramatically over the U.S. Constitution
  

• ​D Francis Lubbock: Confederate governor of Texas during the Civil War
• ​E Thomas Green led soldiers in the Red River Campaign, killed at the Battle of Mansfield
  
• ​F John Magruder led Texan forces at the Battle of Galveston
  
• G Sul Ross: General in the Confederate Army and 19th governor of Texas 
  

8 First Battle of Bull Run

• ​​A First major battle of the war
  

• B Union expects to win quickly and end the conflict
  

• C Unexpected Confederate victory

Reconstruction

15 Texans and the Civil War

• ​​A Sam Houston was Governor of Texas right before the Civil War but he was removed from office when he refused to pledge loyalty to the Confederacy

2 Slavery and the Abolitionist Movement

• ​A Slavery is holding someone against their will and forcing them to do as you want, usually laboring
• B Africans were sold into slavery and taken across the Atlantic ocean to the New World to work on plantation farms
  
• ​C That relocation of Africans is known as African Diaspora​

• ​D The Abolitionist Movement was trying to end or abolish slavery
• E Frederick Douglass
  
  • 1​ Born a slave in Maryland
    
  • 2 Ran away (Stole himself)
    
  • 3 Wrote The North Star (Abolitionist News Paper) and spoke out against slavery, told his story,  encouraged including former slaves in the Union Army​
    
• 
  

5 Bleeding Kansas

• ​A Kansas Territory would use Popular Sovereignty to decide on the issue of slavery
• ​B Lots of people move to the territory to be a part of the vote
  
• C  Years of violent bloody gang like fighting breaks out between pro and anti slavery groups of people
  

4 Compromises

• ​A Compromises were made to try and please everyone
• B To keep power balanced between slave and free states
  
• C 1820 Missouri Compromise made Missouri slave and Maine Free
  
• D Compromise of 1850 Made California a free state to balance out Texas
  

7 Fort Sumter

• ​A First military conflict of the Civil War
• B Union (U.S.) military fort that was in the South because SC seceded
  
• C Attacked by Confederates
  
• D Union soldiers took cover and waited out the bombardment until they got a chance to leave
  

19 Amendments 13, 14, & 15

• ​​A Amendment 13 officially frees all of the slaves in the entire United States

  • ​December 6, 1865
    
• B Juneteenth is a celebration marking the 19th of June 1866 when word of the 13th amendment reached Texas and the slaves in Texas were freed​​

12 March to the Sea

• ​A William Tecumseh Sherman Union General
• ​B Marches his army from Atlanta to Savannah destroying everything in its path
  
• ​C Not only wants to destroy the enemy but also anything they could use to support themselves or rebuild
  
• D Burns down Atlanta, burns fields of crops, destroys machinery, cuts telegraph lines, burns telegraph poles and railroad ties, melts railroad tracks
  
• D Strategy is called Total War
  

• C Federalism

  • ​1 How the national, state, and local governments work together
    
  • 2 All can pass and enforce laws
    
  • ​3 The higher level of government trumps the lower
    
  • 4 States cannot pass a law that conflicts with National law
    

• 2 Legislative Checks

  • ​a Approve appointments made in the executive branch
    
  • b Approve appointments to the judicial branch
  • c Can override a Presidential Veto with enough support
    
• 3 Executive Checks
  
  • ​a Can veto laws passed by the Legislature
    
  • b Appoints members of the Judicial branch
    
• 4 Judicial Checks
  
  • ​a Can declare executive orders unconstitutional
    
  • ​b Can declare laws unconsituttional
    

22 Levels of Government

• A National (Federal)
  
  • ​1 Negotiates treaties with other nations
    
  • 2 Maintains the military and defends the country
    
• ​B State 
       ​1 Regulates speed limits on the roads
       2 Regulates education
              ​​a The State Board of Education consists of elected board      
  
•             members and provides standards and policies for education​

13 Appomattox Courthouse

• ​A April 9, 1865
  
• B Robert E Lee (South) surrenders to Ulysses S Grant (North)
• ​C Civil War ends
  

The Civil War

• F Limited Government

  • ​1 Members of the government are held to the same laws as everyone else
  • ​2 limiting the power of the government over the people
    
• G Individual Rights
  
  • ​1 Personal liberties and priveleges that people are born with and cannot be taken away
    
    • ​a inalienable rights
      
  • ​2 Listed in the Bill of Rights
    
    • ​a Freedom of Speech, Religion, the press, assembly, and petition
      
    • b Right to own and carry guns
      
    • c Rights of the accused
      
    • d Right to a trial by jury
      
    • e Protection from cruel and unusual punishment
      
    • ​Protection against unreasonable search and siezure
      

6 Confederate States of America

• ​A Shortly after Lincoln wins the election of 1860 7 states secede and form the CSA
• ​B Those states included South Carolina (First), Mississippi, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, and Texas
  
• C They believed the Federal Government should not interfere with state's decisions and state's rights
  

10 Turning Point Battles

• ​​A Battle of Vicksburg divides the Confederate Army at the Mississippi River and makes them easier to defeat

• B Battle of Gettysburg Turns back General Lee's invasion of the North
  

21 The 7 Principles of the Constitution

• ​​A Popular Sovereignty

  • ​1 Power from the People
  • 2 The people are the government
    
  • ​3 People vote on issues
    
• B Republicanism
  
  • ​1 People elect someone to represent them
    
  • ​2 Senators and House of Representatives​

14 Lincoln Assassinated

• A 15 April 1865; Shot by John Wilkes Booth
  B Ford's Theater, Washington, DC
  C Without Lincoln's leadership overcoming the Civil War was very difficult
  D Northerners wanted revenge

1 Road to the Civil War

• ​A Compromises over the issue of slavery would build tensions between the North and South before the Civil War

3 Sectionalism

• ​A North
  • ​1 Industrial
    
  • 2 Slavery was a moral issue

17 Effects of the Civil War on Texas

• ​​A Cotton Production declined in Texas during the Civil War

• B Farms instead grew more food crops such as wheat and corn to feed Confederate soldiers
  
• ​C After the Civil War most former enslaved African Americans in Texas began making a living as sharecroppers
  

• ​B John Bell Hood commanded groups of Texas infanrty that fought back east during the Civil War
  • ​Called Hood's Texas Brigade
    
• C John Reagan: Texan who served as the Post Master General of the Confederacy
  

16 Texas Battles of the Civil War

• ​​A Battle of Galveston

  • ​​Texans recapture Galveston from the Union
    
• ​B Battle of Sabine Pass
  
  • ​Texans stop Union attempt to capture Houston
    
• ​C Battle of Mansfield
  
  • ​Largest battle of the Red River Campaign
    
• D Battle of Palmito Ranch
  
  • ​Very last battle of the Civil War, fought after the war ended at Appomattox
    
  • Slow communication kept soldiers in Texas from knowing that the war had ended
    

18 Reconstruction

• ​​A Costs of the War

  • ​1 $71 Billion in today's dollars ($5B)
    
  • 2 620,000 Americans killed
    
• B Focus of Reconstruction
  
  • ​​1 1865-1877
    
  • ​2 U.S. Army stationed in the South act as government
    
  • ​3 Rebuild war torn states
    
  • ​4 Restore southern state governments
    
  • ​5 Secure rights of African Americans
    

• D Separation of Power

  • ​1 Legislative branch
    
    • ​a Creates laws
      
  • 2 Executive branch
    
    • ​a Enforces the law
      
  • 3 Judicial Branch
    
    • ​a Hears legal cases and ensure the law is followed 
      
• E Checks and Balances
  
  • ​1 How each branch of government has power over the other two to ensure they cannot abuse their power​

Government and

The Consitution

• C Amendment 14 declared that everyone born in the United States was a citizen and protected by the Constitution even if they had previously been a slave
  

  • ​July 28, 1868

• D Amendment 15 gave black men the right to vote
  
  • ​​February 3, 1870
    
  • The Texas Constitution of 1876 expanded voting rights by allowing all men regardless of race were allowed to vote
    

• ​F Harriet Tubman
  
  • ​1 Runaway slave
    
  • 2 returned to the south and helped other slaves escape
    
  • 3 Underground railroad
  • ​4 She made 19 trips back and forth from the south helping over 300 slaves escape
    

Republic of Texas

9 Emancipation Proclomation

• ​​A Freed slaves in southern states that were rebelling against the union

• B Did not free all slaves (Am 13)
  
• ​C Also allows African American men to join the Union Army
  
• D Gives Union army authority to free slaves they encounter in the South
  

11 Gettysburg Address

• ​A Lincoln gives a very short speech at the site of the Battle of Gettysburg
• B Lincoln says the North cannot give up or all the people that died here died for nothing​​

​C County

​​​     1 Provide County law enforcement

D City (Local or Municipal)

​     1 Local city governments have the responsibility of providing       police and fire protections as well as establishing zoning      

      rules for construction

E Property and sales taxes help fund the state and local governments in Texas